这是国际河流网(International Rivers Network)的一篇文章，关于水库对于气候的影响的小短文。
原文链接: http://www.irn.org/programs/greenhouse/index.php?id=resemissions.html
Scientists have found greenhouse gases are emitted from all of the dozens of reservoirs where measurements have been made. Gases are emitted from the reservoir itself and when water is discharged through turbines and spillways. Emission levels vary widely among reservoirs depending upon such factors as the area and type of ecosystems flooded, reservoir depth and shape, the local climate, and the way in which the dam is operated. In tropical countries, several of the hydropower plants studied appear to have a much greater impact on global warming than natural gas plants generating equivalent amounts of electricity.
Reservoirs emit greenhouse gases due to the rotting of organic matter, including submerged vegetation and soils and the detritus that flows into the reservoir from upstream. The diffusion of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from reservoir surfaces accounts for most of the global warming impact of dams in boreal and temperate regions, as well as deep tropical reservoirs. For shallow tropical reservoirs, however, methane bubbling up from the reservoir bottom appears to contribute most to their climate impact. Some researchers believe that releases of dissolved methane from water discharged at turbines and spillways may prove to be the largest component of the warming impact of tropical hydropower.
While there is clearly a huge need for further research on this issue, there is already a preponderance of evidence showing that the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) should incorporate dams and reservoirs into their analysis of global sources of greenhouse gases. Countries should include reservoir emissions in their climate treaty–mandated inventories of sources of greenhouse gases. Estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from proposed dam projects should be required by regulatory agencies and funders as part of the project approval process, as recommended by the World Commission on Dams.
Tropical Hydropower is a Significant Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Prepared for COP10, this report responds to International Hydropower Association claims regarding greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower reservoirs. Available in PDF format.
A Preliminary Review of the Impact of Dam Reservoirs on Carbon Cycling
A report prepared for International Rivers Network by Payal Parekh. Available in PDF format.
Flooding the Land, Warming the Earth: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Dams
by Patrick McCully,
International Rivers Network
This report documents the growing evidence for the global significance of greenhouse gas emissions from dams and reservoirs. It also provides an overview of the likely impacts of climate change upon dams and the implications of climate change for already stressed freshwater ecosystems. The report makes a number of relevant policy recommendations.
Additional Information
Read more about Rivers, Dams & Climate Change
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